Immigrants Come to America During the Gilded Age Essay

1 In the early 1900’s there was a dramatic increase in the number of immigrants coming to the eastern shores of America. Many were pulled to America because of its economic opportunity, freedom, need for labor and its beautiful country. Immigrants were excited to come to America and were pushed from their home countries because of food shortages, overpopulation, war and political instability. This was going on in an important era in American history called the â€Å"gilded age†. It was a time of economic growth, and industrialization but also had high percentages of poverty mainly in urban environments. The majority of the immigrants intended to advance out west but actually settled in the eastern cities. In the book The Jungle, Jargis and his†¦show more content†¦Factories did not have to meet any safety guidelines, causing the United States to have the worst working conditions out of any other country. Also the factories were definitely not the cleanest places to work. Since there was no one inspecting the meat at the time, low skilled laborers were forced to package meat that was spoiled or contaminated. This did not go well with human consumption. â€Å"The meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy, which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped 3 into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public’s breakfast.†(Chapter 14, page 167) This quote really showed how strictShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1217 Words   |  5 PagesCoined the term the â€Å"Gilded Age, this time period of 1870-1900 was first referred to as this title by a book written by Mark Twain. In respect to the United States during this time, it refers to the overall appearance of the US to appear as if saturated in gold and opulence, otherwise known as a land of dreams. However, this was not the case because underneath this initial viewpoint, there was poverty and injustice that lined the streets of every urban city. Throughout this time period, many factorsRead More Social Changes in America Brought About by the Gilded Age Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was characterized by rapid industrialization, reconstruction, ruthless pursuit of profit, government, corruption, and vulgarity (Cashman 1). After the Civil War, America was beginning to regroup as a nation. There were many other changes developing in the country. I ndustrialization was taking over the formerly agricultural country. The nation’s government was also in great conflict (Foner 20). Many changes occurred during the Gilded Age. These changes affected farmers, labor, businessRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1211 Words   |  5 Pagesrailroads, and immigrants from all over the world flooded into the country. However, during this period America also faced great amount of poverty, terrible working conditions, mass political corruptions, and a destruction of civil rights for African Americans, women, and immigrants. Mark Twain marked this period as the â€Å"Gilded Age† because everything seemed to be going well for the United States, but behind all the accomplishments made, there was more misfortune for many Americans during this time.Read MoreEssay on Working Experiences in Gilded Age America842 Words   |  4 PagesThe working experiences of individuals and families during the Gilded Age time period in Ame rica, which refers to the late nineteenth century, are varied due to many factors. These factors include but are not limited to age, level of skill, gender, economic class, language(s) spoken, and ethnic origin. It can be said that different groups of people faced drastically different challenges in the world of work; however, some of these challenges are more common within more groups of people than justRead MoreInventions In The Gilded Age1140 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Immigration and African American Rights, I think these are the main events that happen during the Gilded Age. The Gilded Age was an eventful time, had lots of things going on from left and right of us. Mark Twain called the 19th century the Gilded Age, by this he meant that the period was glittering on the surface, but corrupt underneath. There were only two different classes, either you were rich or poor. There was no in between because either you ran a successful business and had familyRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1456 Words   |  6 Pages When it comes to nature the strong survives and the week get kicked out of the circle. When it comes to humans they survive by hard work and pushing through the hard times. The Civil War the united states were devastated and people started looking for ways to start over. Americans weren’t the only ones looking for a new start either. Immigrants from China, Ireland, and Germany flooded to the united states looking for jobs a nd gave way to Darwinist using this to better their profit. By doing thatRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 PagesDuring their time in grade school, students are taught that after Reconstruction of the Civil War, America enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social MovementRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Jacob Riis1483 Words   |  6 PagesWhen hearing the phrase, â€Å"The Gilded Age,† many would think of positive words to describe the time period. In some ways, that may be true. Diversity, jobs, and even the great invention of light bulbs, were all products of this era that helped make America t he country that it is today. To a majority of the immigrants that had just come to the United States at the time, however, America appeared to be a country of chaos and desperation. The necessities that people could not imagine living without todayRead MoreThe Federal Government Has Changed Over Time1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe federal government role in America from the late 1800s during Reconstruction, up to the early 1900s during the Great Depression, often expanded and contracted in response to the demands of the American public. During this time frame, the nation underwent major changes and faced many challenges in order to get where we are today. As a country, our priorities shifted from being concerned about encounters right in front of us, to encouraging and pursuing a better future for everyone. After yearsRead MoreThe Gilded Age Of The Late Ninetieth And Early Twentieth Century Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagestwentieth century; also known as the Gilded Age, there was a r apid growth in the Unite States’ economy and a large increase in population due to the significant changes made in the industrial industry of the country. The reasoning behind the rapid influx of European citizens migrating to United States was because payment wages in America were dramatically higher than those in Europe and the availability of jobs were also significantly higher as well. All the new immigrants coming in from Europe, the Native

Four Freedoms Free Essays

The basic idea of the four freedoms has changed drastically from the times of the 1940s to the current time we are living in now. In the 1940s, the freedoms that people were promised to receive weren’t for all people of different races and they were different from what the four freedoms had to offer the common good of society compared to our time now. In present time, people are more accepted for who they are and what race they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Freedoms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, almost everyone in America has the privilege to enjoy the perks of what the four freedoms promises Americans.As a nation the meaning of the four freedoms has changed overtime and the people’s tolerance of each other no matter what race, skin color, or where they are from has changed the freedoms largely over a period of 60-70 years. The freedom that I think has changed the most out of the four freedoms is the freedom of speech. Back in the 1940’s racial borders would prevent black people from being taken seriously if they were to speak out on their own opinions and the way they see things. There was still this sense of racism in the 1940’s and African-Americans were still in the struggle to get the same civil rights as the white man.Also, if a black man was ever to speak out against the government he would be punished for even saying anything. An example of this was when Martin. Luther King. Jr. spoke out his opinion and started peaceful protests that would eventually get him in trouble. He ended up being sent to jail for sharing his opinion on black civil rights. Overtime he was killed by a James Earl Ray by assassination. In our present time we’ve learned to accept what everyone has to say and it’s respect to speak out on your opinion and there are no racial barriers.An example of freedom of speech today is Barack Obama. He believed and throughout his campaign for presidency proclaimed that healthcare should be available for every American. Before in the 1940’s a black man wouldn’t be taken seriously and a black man wouldn’t see the point of speaking out his opinion when it doesn’t matter to anyone else. In comparison from back then to this point of time the freedom of speech has changed and people have learned to be more acceptable or open to whatever anyone else has to say no matter who the person is, what color their skin is or where they are from.Everyone truly does have the right now to say however they feel in America. The freedom that I think has changed the least is the freedom of fear. In the 1940’s the whole country has a sense of togetherness since Roosevelt was trying to unite our nation to fight back against Japan and Germany. World War II inserted a sense of fear into us when they bombed Pearl Harbor and we were all scared that other countries would take over ours. Roosevelt preached that if he country all stuck together we would do just fine and win this war as long as we were all a team.Everyone in America feared that we would be attacked and it relates to our time now in a way. When 9’11 happened in 2001 fear struck us. We couldn’t believe that airplanes were coming down and destroying massive buildings. We never expect anything like that to happen to us and we feared, â€Å"What if we were next? † As a nation we fought back against the terrorists and captured Osama Bin Laden the leader of Al-Qaeda, the terrorist group that bombed our country, and we showed the world that America shouldn’t be messed with because we are all one big community of a billion people.The people of America put trust in our government to do the right thing and they did. Overtime things have stayed the same in our nation and the unity to keep the rights we are promised as American citizens has drove us to make our country better. As Americans we know we are in good hands with the safety that the marines, army, air force and navy give us. The freedom that I think is the most important is the freedom from want. The freedom from want is to not want anything you can’t have and not being able to have it ever.In the 1940’s the freedom from want was available to all people besides people who were segregated against. The certain groups were Japanese, African-Americans, and sometimes Jewish people. For example, Japanese people were segregated against because of the attacks on Pearl Harbor and everyone thought all Japanese people were spies. Also, African-Americans were treated wrong just because of their history as slaves and they white man thinking they’re better than them. Another group were the Jews because Jews over the history of time were blamed for anything bad ever happening.Jews were always looked down by society and it’s sad that they couldn’t get the rights they were promised to have as American citizens. In our present time everyone has the opportunity to be whoever they are trying to be. Black people earned the right to be at equal status as white people. An example is Barack Obama and his life goal. Barack Obama knew from an early age what he wanted to do and he did it. He works really hard in school, did everything that could get him to where he is now and never took a bad turn in life.Back then it was a joke to think a black man would ever be President of the United States, but he proved the world wrong. Back then you would never think these people would have these rights, but they do now and everything is for the better since everyone can earn whatever they want to do as long as they set their minds to it. The freedom that in my eyes is the least important is the freedom of religion. The freedom of religion is being able to practice any religion of your own choice.In the 1940’s people were certainly able to practice any religion they want, but some religions were frowned upon and considered against the law. An example is the Ku-Klux-Klan and their practices in the 1940s. They used to murder black people, Jews and people who didn’t fit in with their society. Eventually this would become a religion for this group. In the 1940’s not every religion was accepted, but still is the same now. It’s not about the spiritual thoughts of hate against different races that got them in trouble, but the things they actually did physically that made the religion frowned upon and against the law.Now people are accepting any religion that practices spiritually, but when it comes to physical or verbal practices that hurt people then it’s against the law. The government cracks down on most of these hate groups, but the thing is you can’t stop anyone from what they want to do. Times have changed, but the ability to practice any religion you want will stay the same. The four freedoms have stayed the same and changed over a series of time. We consider the freedoms the same today and they all apply strongly to this day.As a nation we have bettered our self-interest to fit the nation’s best interest and learned to accept each other for who we are. Every person of every race has all the same rights. There still are those people, who don’t find each other equal, but they can’t publicly speak the way they fell or they will get in trouble. The four freedoms has ensured all Americans the safety, freedom of speech, freedom to practice any religion they want, and the ability to be anyone you want to be if you strive for it. Being American has perks, but the four freedoms help us distinguish us as Americans and make us who we are. How to cite Four Freedoms, Papers

Product Process Matrix Essay Example

Product Process Matrix Paper The product-process matrix, developed by Hayes and Wheelwright in 1979 was designed to show the trade-offs in operations and marketing by linking product plans and process choices. The model is based on traditional trade-offs evident in a single manufacturing facility environment. The product-process matrix has been empirically tested, but improvements in operations flexibility by applying advanced technologies have caused many to question the models continued validity. In recent years, the environment has changed significantly, with manufacturing companies offering more product customization as they gain process flexibility. In addition, the model as originally developed, does not incorporate the supply chain perspective. New models are required that include the entire supply chain as well as the impact of developments in manufacturing. The operations strategy literature discusses the importance of defining the appropriate production process to support the competitive priorities specified in the business strategy. Building on the works of Skinner (1969) and Abemathy and Townsend (1975), this hierarchical structure was further analyzed by Hayes and Wheelwright as they looked at the relationships between marketing and operations. They suggested that there should be a link between product plans and process choice that supports the overall business strategy (Hayes and Wheelwright, 1979). Furthermore, they contended that firms operating on or close to the diagonal of the product-process matrix will outperform those that hold significantly off-diagonal positions (see Figure 1). Much of the operations strategy literature since then has supported their assertions, and many operations management texts use the model to describe process choice in manufacturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Process Matrix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Product Process Matrix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Product Process Matrix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer More recently, research has been conducted to validate empirically whether firms actually link their process choice to product volume and customization and whether those decisions result in better performance. Safizadeh et al. (1996) in a study of 144 U. S. manufacturing plants, found that process choice was linked to product plans and competitive priorities and that there was some evidence of improved performance when they were well aligned. However, the authors recognized that some batch shops and continuous flow shops were able to increase their ability to customize products through lexible manufacturing systems and by using common parts and subassemblies. Their work suggests that as flexibility increases it may be possible to move away from the diagonal on the matrix and still be successful. The authors go on to suggest that flexibility is a complex phenomenon and the literature has gradually uncovered its multiple dimensions and their strategic implications. They also note that companies may appear to be off the line because product and process choices dont happen simultaneously. Companies may have partially implemented processes that would move them closer to the diagonal, but not have the processes completely in place. More work is required to determine the true relationship between process choice and product customization. About the same time, other researchers felt it was necessary to continue to validate the Hayes and Wheelwright model, given changes in manufacturing technology and practice. McDermott, Greis, and Fischer (1997) conducted an in-depth study of nine firms that made up 95% of the total U. S. market for portable electric tools. Through surveys, semi-structured interviews, and plant tours, they determined that new production technologies and practices enable firms to provide flexibility, responsiveness, and low-cost production at the same time. Their results suggested that the process-product trade-offs may have changed and that the Hayes and Wheelwright model may no longer be suitable for describing the environment in that particular industry. They proposed that models based on mass customization (Pine, Victor, and Boynton, 1993) and flexibility (Collins and Schmenner, 1992) may better capture current manufacturing practices. However, they suggested a need for additional research to provide a more prescriptive model for operations strategy. Significant advances in manufacturing and information technologies and changes in competitive priorities suggest that the Hayes and Wheelwright model should be revisited. One attempt to describe a new type of model, given the changes in business environments, is illustrated in Heim and Sinha (2001). They described electronic business-to-customer (B2C) operations and developed a framework in the form of a product-process matrix to explain elationships between electronic service products and service processes. While their model was not empirically tested, it did suggest that the product-process matrix had the potential to be useful as a planning tool in other business environments. A study by Ariss and Zhang (2002) provided some evidence that companies might achieve multiple competitive performances rather than settle for fewer priorities because of trade-offs. Their survey of 31 firms in the Detroit area supported the hypothesis that because of flexible process capabilities firms fall within a wide scope of the diagonal on the product-process matrix. While the sample was small, there was evidence that firms with a highly flexible process capability could perform well despite being off the diagonal. They suggested that flexible process capability is necessary to overcome the technological or economic constraints inherent in the product-process matrix. Matching Supply Chain Processes to Products While these more recent studies examine the appropriateness of the model regarding a firms ability to make process choices predicted by the matrix, they continue to look only at one firm and its process choices. Recent literature suggests that rather than firms competing with other firms, the new competition is supply chain to supply chain (Bhattacharya et al. , 1995; Whipple and Frankel, 2000; Rice and Hoppe, 2001). There is little disagreement among operations strategy researchers that the operations strategy should be aligned with the marketing strategy and support the companys overall strategy; hence, the relationship between product choice and process choice. Others might argue that the overall company strategy must support the supply chain strategy. This leads to the question: is there a relationship between a supply chains product characteristics and competitive priorities with the supply chain firms process choices? As Lee notes (2004, p. 108) Smart companies tailor supply chains to the nature of markets for products. Some researchers provide support for the suggestion that supply chain design should be based on the nature of demand for the product, i. e. , there must be a match between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Fischer (1997) divides products into two types, functional and innovative. Functional products are likely to be staples with stable predictable demand versus innovative products with short life cycles, many varieties, and volatile demand. For functional products, supply chains should be physically efficient and manufacturings focus should be on minimizing inventory and maintaining high average utilization rates. For innovative products, supply chains should have responsive processes, and manufacturing should focus on where to strategically place inventory and deploy excess buffer capacity to meet changes in demand. Fisher suggests that making these alignments will provide a competitive advantage. Lee further defined the characteristics of functional versus innovative products (2002). Functional products have low demand uncertainties, stable demand, long product life, low product variety, higher volume per stock keeping unit (SKU), along with other characteristics. Innovative products have high demand uncertainties, variable demand, short selling seasons, high product variety, low volume per SKU, along with other characteristics. He then defines four supply chain strategies to meet product demand. Efficient supply chains use scale economies and optimize capacity and distribution utilization. Risk-hedging supply chains use strategies to pool inventory and other resources to avoid supply disruption. Responsive supply chains have strategies that are responsive and flexible and use build-to-order and mass customization processes. Agile supply chains utilize strategies to be responsive and flexible but also pool inventory or capacity resources to meet unpredictable demand with minimal disruptions. As Lee states, Only those companies that build agile, adaptable and aligned supply chains get ahead of the competition (2004, p. 105). Determining how a supply chain can, or should be, improved to gain flexibility can be difficult. One proposition suggests that supply chain flexibility is affected by decisions or process choices inherent in the operations systems, logistics processes, the supply network, organizational design, and information systems of every firm within the supply chain for a given product (Lummus et al. , 2005). Evidence from this study reveals that practitioners recognize many different facets associated with supply chain flexibility but do not necessarily perceive differences between those in terms of greatest-to-least impact on flexibility. Childerhouse, Aitken, and Towill (2002) detail how an organization achieved focused processes in their demand (supply) chain through a case study of a major U. K. lighting company. Figure 2 describes their proposed model for the development of focused demand chain strategies. They suggest that the marketplace today has diverse requirements for alternative products, and no single demand chain can best service all these requirements. Through a review of literature, they identified five key product characteristics that influence the design of supply chain strategies. The characteristics included: duration of product life cycle, time window for product delivery, high versus low volume, variety in required product offerings, and variability in demand. From there, they documented the lighting companys efforts to identify customer requirements and realign their supply chain strategy to focus on specific demand requirements. The company focused its efforts on the supply chain activities of planning (choosing between material requirements planning [MRP] and pull system execution [kanban]), simplifying the ordering and communication between players in the chain and improving the new product design process. The company identified four focused demand chains, and over a four-year period transformed its supply chain in to a competitive, market-focused demand chain. Supply Chain Product-Process Matrix Building on the work of Hayes and Wheelwright, the product classification work of Fisher and Lee, and the focused supply chain discussion just outlined, it may be beneficial for companies to define a model that aligns product characteristics and processes across a supply chain. As supply chains compete with supply chains, companies within a supply chain must select processes consistent with end-customer value and competitive priorities. The purpose of this research is to propose a model that may be used by companies when making product and process decisions across a supply chain. There is clearly support for the product-process matrix, i. e. , firms that operate on or near the diagonal will outperform those that are significantly off-diagonal. However, as noted, there is also some evidence that as companies adopt more flexible systems and identify inventory pooling strategies they may succeed despite operating further from the diagonal. If demand characteristics are important for defining the competitive priorities and process choice within a company, why wouldnt end-customer demand characteristics also be important for defining the process choices across a supply chain? The association between process choice and end-customer requirements across a supply chain has not been empirically tested. Therefore, the following proposition is suggested: Proposition 1: The competitive priorities and end-customer value with regard to a supply chains primary product line must be consistent with the supply chain firms process choices. While Proposition 1 suggests the importance of alignment, it does not imply that each company in the supply chain must have similar processes, or even that the processes would have similar capabilities (i. e. , speed, volume, changeover, etc. ). What is suggested is that regardless of where the company is positioned in the supply chain, the focus must be on end customer requirements. If end-customers require a variety of products with short lead times and variable volumes, each partner in the chain must be able to react quickly to provide different varieties and ramp production up or down. An end customer focused on low cost and consistent product in high volumes requires each partner to focus on streamlined production and efficient operations. How each partner meets the capability required by the end customer may differ, but the focus must be on what the supply chains end customer requires. As noted by both Lee and Fisher, there are key differences in the characteristics of products that affect supply chain design. Uncertainty surrounding the specific product design volume and delivery requirements increases the need for flexibility across the supply chain. Each firm within the supply-chain plan processes must understand end-customer value to maintain the flexibility required by all upstream partners. Types of uncertainty include: the need for differently defined product (make-to-order [MTO]), the desire to choose from an existing group of designs (options), the need for different volume requirements, and the need to design new products. End-product uncertainty suggests that entire supply chains must be adaptable. Therefore, the following is suggested: Proposition 2: End-customer product uncertainty characteristics increase the need for supply chain flexibility and influence process choice. As an example, consider the level of uncertainty associated with customer demand for fashion items, such as womens handbags. There is great uncertainty associated with how well any particular design might be accepted and eventually purchased by the end customer. Systems must be established to move product to the location with the greatest demand. Demand characteristics, including general market response and seasonality, may affect the sales or shelf-life of the product and, therefore, require a supply chain that can make adjustments in production, design, and raw materials. At the other end of the uncertainty spectrum resides a product like sugar. Stable demand and specific product characteristics allow for the development of a supply chain where minimal flexibility is required. These examples and the propositions offered suggest the need for a new model to define the relationship between processes and products across a supply chain. Successful supply chains will focus on end-customer demand and select the appropriate processes to match the demand characteristics. Figure 3 describes a proposed supply chain product-process matrix. The proposed supply chain matrix takes into account Lee and Fishers perspectives on end-product customer characteristics. The horizontal axis represents product uncertainty that can vary from a repetitive standard product to a highly variable product, where the customer wants to participate in the design or at a minimum wants a customized product. The horizontal axis represents the needed flexibility for the entire supply chain and ranges from the highly efficient supply chain to one that uses processes for specific customer requirements. Efficient supply chains can produce products in large quantities at a low cost and with short lead times. Responsive supply chains can respond to changes in customer requirements and produce a customized product in quantities as small as one. In Hayes and Wheelwrights original model (see Figure 1), they suggest that companies will be most successful when operating closely on the diagonal. While a particular location on the proposed matrix (see Figure 3) does not suggest particular processes for the firms in the supply chain, it does suggest the types of processes required across the supply chain. For example, the make-to-order clothing retailer must have processes that can gather size information, translate that information to drawings, and transfer the information quickly to the clothing manufacturer. The clothing manufacturer must have equipment that can interpret design requirements, quickly change from one size to another, and incorporate color and other choices. The textile manufacturer must stock or quickly produce the right color and thickness of material to match the particular customers needs. The entire supply chain must be able to react to customized design. At the opposite extreme are supply chains that produce a standard product in one or a very small number of options and are focused on efficient production throughout the supply chain. Many supply chains today are finding more and more customers requiring customized products. Companies currently mass producing products, such as shoes, are considering how to build a product specific to the customer. In this example, the customers foot measurements are translated into a custom-fit product. This movement from repetitive products to more mass-customized items suggests that supply chains in the future must be more responsive. Therefore, the following is suggested: Proposition 3: The goal of the supply chains firms, depending on the product and competitive environment is either to move up and to the left of the matrix without sacrificing efficiency and cost effectiveness or to move down and to the right without sacrificing flexibility and customization. Expectations for mass customization are certainly changing the competitive environment. This push requires that companies redesign processes to gain flexibility without increasing costs. As an example, a local cabinet manufacturing firm requested help redesigning a manufacturing process that would allow it to customize cabinets for product sold though a large home improvement chain. The push from the store was to provide reasonably priced custom cabinets to its customers. In addition, lead-time from order receipt to ship was very short. The manufacturing company set a rip-to-ship goal of 24 hours. The retail chain promised high sales volume. The company then needed to change its high-volume manufacturing processes in such a way that customization could occur without adding to costs-a move up and to the left on the supply chain product-process matrix (Figure 3). Results from this manufacturing change were expected not only to increase the companys ability to customize its high-volume products, but to also increase margins for its low-volume, highly-customized products as manufacturing process improvements were moved to its low-volume lines. For this product line, the improvement would be down and to the right of the matrix, improving costs without sacrificing flexibility and customization. The cabinet company example illustrates another issue in selecting processes within a specific company to match supply chain objectives. While the company aligned its processes to provide a customized, short lead-time product, it also provided a high-volume standard product. Many companies have multiple product lines with differing end-customer requirements. It may be necessary to provide diverging paths through a manufacturing process to accommodate multiple customer objectives, or to create secondary processes. Either way, the key issue is to focus on end-customer requirements and vary process choice to accommodate product variation. Companies often find themselves members of multiple supply chains and must plan processes accordingly. At the same time, companies make process choices that are unique from other companies choices and provide them distinctive capabilities. They make trade-offs in process choice, which allow them to satisfy a given range of customer needs. These decisions allow a broad range of customers with a variety of needs to be served by different companies with distinct capabilities. While this may limit one companys capability to serve some customers, it opens opportunities for others to serve that market. Conclusions Determining supply chain processes is not an isolated task and should be considered in relation to end-customer requirements and the competitive priorities of the entire supply chain. Hayes and Wheelwright concluded that, with their well-known product-process matrix, companies focusing on aligning processes with product requirements will be most successful. Today, as supply chains compete with supply chains, the entire supply chain must be focused on the end customer. Childerhouse et al. (2002, p. 687) summarized the perspective of a focused demand chain: The theory of focused demand chains is based on the premise that modern day marketplaces have diverse requirements for alternative products and services. No one demand chain strategy can best service all these requirements. Hence, focus is required to ensure demand chains are engineered to match customer requirements. This paper proposed revising the Hayes and Wheelwright model to incorporate a supply chain perspective. Future work is needed to apply these concepts across multiple companies and industries to validate the proposed model. Rather than looking only at the companys products and customer requirements, it is important to examine the role of end-customer product characteristics in the processes of all the firms that are partners in the supply chain. Supply chains have one role, which is to serve the end customer. Understanding that end customer should help firms set competitive priorities and establish processes to match end-customer demand. REFERENCES Abernathy, W. J. , and Townsend, P. L. (1975). Technology productivity and process change. Technical Forecasting and Social Change, 7, 379-396. Ariss, S. S. , and Zhang, Q. (2002). The impact of flexible process capability on the product-process matrix: An empirical examination. International Journal of Production Economics, 76, 135-45. Bhattacharya, A. K. , Coleman, J. L. , and Brace, G. (1995). Re-positioning the supplier: An SME perspective. Production Planning Control, 6, 218-226. Childerhouse, P. , Aitken J. and Towill, D. R. (2002). Analysis and design of focused demand chains. Journal of Operations Management, 20, 675-89. Fisher, M. (1997). What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Review, 75(2), 105-116. Hayes, R. H. , and Wheelwright, S. C. (1979). Link manufacturing process and product life cycles. Harvard Business Review, 57, 133-140. Heim, G. R. , and Sinha, K. K. (2001). A product-process matrix for electronic B2C operations: Implications for the delivery of customer value. Journal of Service Research, 3(4), 286-299. Lee, H. (2002). Aligning supply chain strategies with product uncertainties. California Management Review, 44(3), 105-118. Lee, H. L. 2004, October). The triple-a supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 102-112. Lummus, R. R. , Vokurka, R. J. , and Duclos, L. K. (2005). A delphi study on supply chain flexibility. International Journal of Production Research, 43(13), 2687-2708. McDermott, C. M. , Greis, N. P. , and Fischer, W. A. (1997). The diminishing utility of the product/process matrix: A study of the U. S. power tool industry. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 17(1), 65-84. Rice, J. B. , Jr. , and Hoppe, R. M. (2001). Supply chain vs. supply chain: The hype and the reality. Supply Chain Management Review, 5(5), 46-54. Safizadeh, M. H. , Ritzman, L. P. , Sharma, D. , and Wood, C. (1996). An empirical analysis of the product-process matrix. Management Science, 42 (11), 1576-1591. Skinner, W. (1969). Manufacturingmissing link in corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 47(3), 136-145. Whipple, J. M. , and Frankel, R. (2000). Strategic alliance success factors. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(3), 21-28.

Marketing Strategy Analysis For Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays

Marketing Strategy Analysis For Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays Marketing Strategy Analysis For Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essay Marketing Strategy Analysis For Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essay Kingfisher Airline is a private air hose based in Bangalore, India. Around 66 % of Kingfisher Airlines is owned by Mr. Vijay Mallaya United Beverages Group through his keeping companies. Other investors include fiscal establishments and single investors. Kingfisher Airlines started its operations on May 9, 2005 with a fleet of 4 Airbus A320 aircrafts. The air hose presently operates on 42 domestic paths and 6 international paths. Kingfisher is one of merely six air hoses in the universe to hold a five star evaluation from skytrax. It has besides received multiple awards for best air hose, best service, invention etc. PRODUCT Offer: Kingfisher meets the demands of its clients with services such as personal gentleman at the airdrome to help in luggage handling and embarkation, sole sofas with private infinite, accompanied with refreshments and music at the airdrome, sound and picture ondemand, with extra-wide individualized screens in the aircraft, sleeperette seats with extendible footstools, and three-course epicure culinary art. CUSTOMER NEEDS Apart from the basic map on travel the company besides provides a hassle free safe journey. When associated with Kingfisher airlines a client feels like aˆ? Transportation aˆ? Oneworld aˆ? Personal Valet at a invitee in person s place while at the same clip kerb aˆ? Safety aˆ? King Club aˆ? In-flight services aˆ? Convenience aˆ? Relationship supplying him with an aura of success. The individualized Manager aˆ? Off flight services attending to detail in quality and services from the clip aˆ? Service upgrades you book a ticket to the clip you leave the airdrome all gives the guest an experience of success while at the same give him a feeling of being taken attention of and being pampered. Memberships with confederates like recognition card companies, hotels and assorted golf classs with the Kingfisher wages card called King nine merely enhances the feeling and experience. Functional Symbolic Experiential SEGMENTATION STRATEGY: Based on the analysis of the client cleavage Administration Business Travelers Leisure travellers Department Kingfisher has into 2 divisions to provide to the differing aˆ? Age 25-45 aˆ? Company representative civil air power demands of a fast turning economic system. aˆ? Age Group 30-60 aˆ? High Disposable income aˆ? Increased income aˆ? Looking for majority Kingfisher foremost and Kingfisher premium caters to aˆ? Time orientated engagements aˆ? Adventurous and funny aˆ? Price aˆ? Price sensitive concern travellers who look at service quality and aˆ? Looking for comfort aˆ? Flexibility aˆ? convenience aˆ? Flexible aˆ? Value added services comfort and Kingfisher red which focuses on leisure aˆ? Open minded travellers who are chiefly cost witting. Through this division, Kingfisher can supply value to the client by cross functionality of the competitory advantage. On clip public presentation record High employee satisfaction Amalgamation with Deccan Experienced employees Youngest aircraft fleet Business Model Based on the demands of the client, Kingfisher has based its concern on Supplying a high Quality, Safe and friendly winging experience and has build its substructure to foreground it s high quality in these Fieldss Personal gentleman for luggage handling Safety record Resources Chef on board for customized repasts Training academy Dependability and safety Kingfisher repute Vijay Mallaya Quality of offering Strong Image Cross selling King nine rank benefits INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS: The Indian economic system is turning at an norm of 8.35 % which has seen 360 degree quality and Brand 5 star evaluation Word of place with invention a jet of activity in the civil advertisement from skytrax Mouth extendible awards footrest air power industry. The liberalisation of the air power sector and the unfastened skies policy adopted by the authorities has propelled this growing from 1993. At present it is estimated that Domestic and International air travel will turn at an estimated 20 % to 25 % . In Jan-June 2010, 25.1 million riders flew with Domestic bearers, which is a 22 % growing from the corresponding period last twelvemonth. Most of this growing is attributed to the services industry which is responsible for 35 % of the employment in India. This altering Dynamics has led to an addition in utilizing air power to run into the transit demands of the populace. The addition in disposable incomes has allowed leisure travellers to see alien venues both in India and internationally. The growing of the services sector has led to the addition in concern travel every bit good. It is estimated that concern travellers account for around 48 % of rider traffic and around 66 % of the grosss generated. There are six major bearers in Indian air power jet air passages, kingfisher, Indigo, spicejet, GoAir and the national bearer Air India. VALUE NET Socio cultural Di Environment Education, position symbol Raise Suppliers Boeing, Airbus, Aviation Fuel Technological Eliminate Enviornment Infrastructure betterment INDIRECT ENVIRONMENT A high growing in the Indian economic system has resulted in investings in air power. There are presently around 30 new airdromes being built to run into the current and future demands of the turning Indian in-between category. There is besides a redevelopments made to bing airdromes to increase burden managing capablenesss and open up future national and international paths. The airdromes of Delhi and Mumbai are a instance in point. This betterment in substructure and unfastened skies air policy coupled with a growing in income, instruction and consciousness of the Indian Population can heighten the growing of the industry. However this period is besides witnessing high fluctuating air power fuel monetary values which adversely affect the operating costs. The economic recession in 2008 adversely affected the air hose industry. Customer Load Factors and Revenues reduced by 30 % and 45 % severally Eliminate Competitors Jet Airways, Spicejet Complementors code portion with jet, oneworld member Reduce Customers Political Eliminate enviornment Open sky policy Business and leisure travellers Economic Eliminate Enviornment High growing rate DIRECT ENVIRONMENT Aviation has ever been a capital intensive low growing industry. Of the six major air hoses merely 50 % of them are runing at a net income. A deficiency of appropriate human capital and a limited sum of providers for aircrafts increases the operating costs of these air hoses. The intense competition to pull new clients has resulted in a monetary value war which has diminished net incomes well. Jet airways, Kingfisher and Indian air hoses ( subordinate of Air India ) are the chief rivals in the industry who are contending for the concern and leisure travellers in the state. To battle increasing costs air hoses have began to organize confederations with each other to maximise output and better client keeping. Kingfisher has late joined the oneworld air hoses. This partnerships allows codification sharing and fillip points sharing among a figure of intl air hoses. In the domestic sector, Kingfisher has inked a codification portion understanding with Jet air passages to better outputs MABA The factors stated supra have shown us the unpredictable nature of the industry and although there are enormous growing chances in the sector, the high dependance on external and internal factors increase the capriciousness of the same. This would be a reasonably low attractive industry which has a really high gestation period, intense competition and low ROI. *Quantifiable informations would supply us a more accurate estimation. However Data is unavailable at the minute. Some factors like client burden factor and mean monetary value of a ticket are available for some industries while other factors to see are either in per centum footings or are unavailable RAISON DETRE: Stockholders aˆ? Dividend Paid out aˆ? Pride and prestige associated with the trade name Employees aˆ? Remuneration Package aˆ? Decentralized construction aˆ? Best resource hiring policy aˆ? High Internal Growth aˆ? Kingfisher Academy Customers aˆ? Delighters aˆ? Feedback Mechanisms aˆ? Brand Loyalty plans aˆ? Personalized Service Society aˆ? CSR enterprises aˆ? 5 star from skytrax aˆ? First to order boeing A380 H A P PI N ES S WE S EE K T O BU I LD AN O RG AN I Z AT IO N WI T H PE O PL E WH O C H O O S E T O B E H A P P Y, AN D WI L L EN D E A VO U R TO IN FL U EN C E O U R G U ES TS AN D C O WO R K E RS T O BE HAPPY TOO. This mission statement is a true contemplation of the nature of being of Kingfisher air hose. It addresses the four stakeholders to which it adds value to. The organisation has done a good occupation in pass oning and distributing the vision of the company to its clients, employees and society. The employees have been given all the tools to experience insecure and independent while they are making their occupation. They have been encouraged to work together to carry through the aim of the company. The society at big is proud and happy to hold an air hose like Kingfisher associated with them. A batch of the enterprises taken by them have been industry number ones. The acknowledgment given to them by the international community is a taking visible radiation to the Indian air power industry. Kingfisher nevertheless has nevertheless had a batch of hard currency flow issues which have impacted the value given to stockholders. The amalgamation with Air Deccan has given the company a larger base but at the cost of net incomes. The high debt has created a batch of jobs on the fiscal viability of the house and the company is looking at ways to cut down the current debt load Sustainability At the present Kingfisher has a distinguishable competitory advantage. The value for the client was created by supplying him a alone winging experience where the client felt delighted right from the minute he booked a ticket to wing with Kingfisher. Follow up calls to booked clients, regular free ascents, a alone substructure both in the aircraft and the waiting sofa and above all the unfastened and ask foring communicating gave an increased perceived value to the client. Kingfisher has besides been created Value for itself by looking at the client demands. With the amalgamation of Air Deccan it was able to provide to a larger consumer market and be able to supply some benefits of one section to the other. By mentioning to clients as invitees they give the feeling of unity among everyone in the organisation. All these factors contribute to supplying a alone competitory advantage for itself and the consumer at the present minute. However to prolong this competitory advantage it will b e necessary for it to heighten and introduce this nucleus. Culture Durable Demand Efficienc Y Distinct cape History Imitation Barrier @ competition Company VISION The Kingfisher Airlines household will systematically present a safe, value-based, gratifying travel experience to all our invitees. In a recent interview Vijay Mallaya proprietor of Kingfisher air hose outlined his Long term Vision for the company. He stated that A?A? Kingfisher aims to be the most profitable international air hose in IndiaA?A? Although this purpose is decidedly bold and ambitious the company has created the substructure, the engineering, trade name image and loyal client to recognize this aspiration while staying true Consumer Survey Feedback forms Online reappraisal After gross revenues calls to the vision and values of the organisation. Target group MARKETS MARKET Devising Customer feed back Geographic group Kingfisher has created an environment of uninterrupted feedback to understand the altering demands of the client. Through assorted feedback mechanisms like studies, solution mapping feedback signifiers and after gross revenues calls the company captures Media advertisement Consumer Pilot undertaking and the demands of the clients and analysis it with relation to the consciousness Results proving market and the resources available. After a solution is found and positive pilot testing is done there is a bustle of Promotions activity through assorted media channels and their online Alliances beginnings to make consciousness of the merchandise. In 2009 entirely Kingfisher spent near to INR 100 Million on advertisement entirely. Once the consciousness is completed and the merchandise launched at that place Resource analysis Launch of merchandise Feedback analysis and market research is a feedback on that which is used to further heighten the offering. This dedication to uninterrupted betterment has besides led to opening of new path programs and takes advantage of being the first mover. The trade name name and the services that Kingfisher offers it is able to keep its competitory place on these paths. Kingfisher s mean ticket monetary value is 8000 which is one of the highest in the market and it is set to profit even more as the air power market matures which is estimated to do a 20 % addition in monetary values Market Hunt: Interest capturing Closing of sale Service provided Awareness presales Follow up Gross saless Direct Gross saless Gross saless force Channels Ads and publicities Brand image Company call Centre Relationship Directors Online channels Service resources Owner and trade name embassadors External Market Making Internal Market Making Kingfisher has two chief channels for gross revenues which are its direct gross revenues and the on-line channel. The growing in the societal environment of the state has reduced the dependance on travel agents and now they account for merely 3 % of the entire grosss of the air hose. This transportation has resulted in an increased dependance on on-line engagements. Kingfisher supplements the online booking channel chiefly with their call Centre which assists client questions and besides gross revenues to those clients who are non comfy with the online system. The direct gross revenues channel is farther divided into branch locations and direct gross revenues representatives. The subdivision office captures the single concern travellers and the leisure travellers while the direct gross revenues representatives focal point of block gross revenues in the B to B section. The relationship directors are responsible for understanding the consumer experience and guara nting repetition gross revenues. The Decentralized nature of the organisation enhances coaction and enhances coaction with the aid of advanced technological substructure. The external aid received by the gross revenues and selling force besides assists the squad in making higher grosss. Kingfisher leverages in trade name image through assorted Medias to make consciousness about the merchandise and services and aides the pre gross revenues procedure. This enables the gross revenues squad to concentrate on seeking to carry through the client demands. Market Farming: Most of Kingfishers gross stems from the domestic market. It is estimated that ticket monetary values will increase due to the turning Customer nature of the industry. Kingfisher will profit the most from this life-time Value monetary value hiking and will be able to tap the monetary value sensitive consumers. The Kingfisher group is known to be a lifestyle trade name which has Base Extended Leveraged Business Business Business merchandises like whisky, Beer, Water etc and experiential services like a cricket squad and a expression 1 squad. Along with these services the Airlines besides have a low cost subordinate in Revenues from Domestic Complementary International 19 % Loyalty plans associated trade names Kingfisher red. The house captures these synergisms through branding 89 % 9 % bundling and cross merchandising and 9 % of the grosss are attributed Inter organisational Relationship to these activities. Kingfisher has been successful in adding offerings Management value to the cl ient by binding up with other lifestyle merchandises to sell the trade name. An illustration of that would be its tie up with ICICI recognition cards, Inox multiplex and assorted golf classs in India. Market ANALYSIS Kingfisher was a late entrant in the Airline industry. In order to turn in the market it was really advanced and speedy in responding to the consumer demands. Most of the alterations attributed to it hold been reactive and non proactive. Although the organisation has a really good resource base they are non able to capture the necessary information due to the decentralized nature of the house. Another issue of the house is the liquidness jobs that it has faced which have had an inauspicious affect on the house s net incomes. Trends show that with the industry maturating many of the participants are switching their focal point from being low cost bearers to being full service 1s who will concentrate on supplying quality services to the client. In the last six months mean ticket monetary values have risen about 20 % from the old twelvemonth. This is an exact tendency reversal from 2008 where the economic downswing had forced the air hoses to follow a monetary value sensitive operation scheme. Although Kingfisher is still in the market leader place there is a good opportunity that if the organisation does non settle its debt fast adequate and does non introduce the rivals will invalidate the alone merchandise offerings of Kingfisher. Scheme CSF ( Relative to competition ) Important High Musts have Present Liquid Economies of graduated table Short term Future aˆ? Strategic tie ups Long Term Future aˆ? Economies of graduated table aˆ? Cargo Cargo Making On board experience Strategic Tie ups Medium Loyalty Pricing aˆ? Liquidity aˆ? Brand leveraging aˆ? On board experiences Opportunity costs plan Low Let Them Be At Par Below Par Nice to hold Way below Par Based on our concern demands it is clear that the company needs to be profitable at the earliest. The capital crisis is straight haltering the concern and is restricting the chances the company has to turn into new markets. Based on research analysis and understanding the rivals we can look at the undermentioned Phases of scheme that Kingfisher needs to implement to make success. Weakness Maping THE PRESENT Kingfisher needs to get down distinguishing itself from the rivals. By being more Proactive in bettering their service offerings and leveraging their trade name Kingfisher can supply an odd service offering. For e.g. utilize the cricket squad and the expression 1team and roll up that experience with Kingfisher Beer and Kingfisher air hoses. Short TERM FUTURE The touristry industry is turning at an estimated rate of 20 % . Apart from binding up with Luxury hotels and resorts, Kingfisher can distinguish itself by roll uping its services related to gamble touristry. This section is a high growing section which targets a similar client base. Long TERM FUTURE: Presently Kingfisher is one of the largest in the industry. However with the rapid growing of the industry, Growth will be required to keep the position Quo. The lading Market is one avenue where they can better drastically. Despite holding the basic substructure in topographic point Kingfisher has merely 9 % of the air Cargo Market which contributes to merely 2 % of the grosss of the company against Its chief rivals Jet which has 38 % of the market. This section is still in the nascent phase and the rivals have still non yet tapped the full potency of this section. A determined, concentrated attempt in this country will make huge benefits for the house by bring forthing a new beginning of gross and supplying them with more selectivity in their path programs. THIS MIX OF FOCUSING ON IMPROVING THE CORE WHILE INNOVATING FOR FUTURE GROWTH CAN HELP KINGFISHER BUILD SUSTAINABLE ADVANTAGES Risk-Return Analysis Turning High Beating Cargo Services Tourism Synergy Economies of Scale Brand Synergy Tax returns on investing Low Despite being a capital intensive Project, the immense chances of growing make this one of the chief focal point countries Kingfisher will hold to look into one time it additions profitableness. By doing inroads in the touristry subdivision and capitalising on the groups different merchandises will let Kingfisher to prolong its competitory advantage in footings of Quality of offerings and trade name image. Eroding Low Wasting Hazard of non doing it High Structure Based on Greiners theoretical account of growing Kingfisher is in the 3rd revolution of growing which is that of control. The corporate restructuring that will take topographic point will let the organisation to capture synthesis and do better usage of the information. This will enable to assist better carbon monoxide ordination and communicating between the people in the organisation. Visual perception Change Barriers to alter High Loss of civilization Impact of Barrier New Stakeholders Change in corporate construction Fear of Job Loss Gross redirection Low New Skills Development Low Likelihood of Barrier High Vijay Mallaya is the laminitis and the face of Kingfisher. He is a magnetic and airy person who Is a premier incentive. His degree 5 leading manner transformed kingfisher Beer, his expression 1 squad and his cricket squad from perennial tail enders to taking entities. Although he does non resist at the thought of doing hard determinations he prefers to portion duty of the organisation with each employee and do them portion of the household. By giving duty and independency to the resources and by affecting them in planning and implementing alteration in the organisation, he has managed to make a learning company. Most of the barriers to alter that will happen can be clarified with the current communicating mechanisms. Start AND SUSTAINING CHANGE BENCHMARKING: we have to place the phases of alteration and the clip period for this alteration. Each one should be a miniBHAG which will drive the company to accomplish mileposts. HAVE THE 300 Attitude: Motivate and prepare the employees. Explain the importance of each employee to accomplish alteration. Ingrain the us against the universe outlook. This will convey the employees together and experience more like a household. This will ensue in an accelerated rate of alteration. ACKNOWLEDGE THE ALEXANDERS: Indentification and public recognition of the first agents of alteration in the organisation. Reinforcement of successes and Symbolic wages system to promote eveeryone to be involved in the alteration procedure. VIJAY MALLAYA FOR A DAY: For those employees who are non really enthusiastic for the alteration that is implemented, they will be selected to fall in as the advisers to Vijay Mallaya and assist him understand the alterations and assist him in the determination devising procedure. Change THE TRAIN TO A Airplane: This is an enterprise to seek to acquire everyone to travel in the same way to a commom end. This enterprise is particularly for people who are non for the alteration proposed. The chief intent of this exercising would be to understand the cause and cogency for opposition and do the needed determinations to guarantee that the squad is on the same page. The phases in this enterprise are Identify, Notify, Speak, Listen, Review, Report. If even after working with the person on this manner it does nt work we will hold to see if there is a different undertaking that he could be involved with or does he necessitate to be deplaned all together. THE WATERCOOLER EFFE CT: Communicate the Advancement to let people to track the advancement of the house. It has to be in outstanding topographic points like the tiffin room and the H2O ice chest where contributing treatments take topographic point. The advancement studies should be communicated even in topographic points of corporate treatment like meeting suites so that it can stay on peoples heads. Shout THE PROGRESS: Do nt direct electronic mails or newssheet shout the advancement. Anounce the advancement. Bring people together to actuate them to go on the advancement. CHRISTMAS EVERY QUAR TER: Observe the little accomplishments in advancement. BALNCED SCORECARD Apart from the regular constituents dwelling of the balanced scorecard, Kingfisher will concentrate more on understanding path optimisation and shipment optimisation. Apart from the gross segments Kingfisher will hold to concentrate on understanding the public presentation of their leveraged concern. This will enable to understand what sort of enterprises are working and what is nt so that they can proactively do alterations and enhance growing Balanced scorecard Gross Load factors analysis Customer Acquisition cost Revenue per section Gross per kilometre No. of successful Cargos Customer transition ratio, By section, By part, By Channel Non-revenue No. of Flights per trueness card Loyalty plan efficiency Perception analysis % of positive reappraisal % of ailments worked on

Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas and Demonstrations

Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas and Demonstrations Do you like magnets? Science fair projects can examine magnetism or electromagnets. Here are some magnetism science fair project ideas. Magnetism Science Fair Project Ideas Make your own ferrofluid or liquid magnets.Is plant growth affected by the presence of an electromagnetic field?Is seed germination affected by a magnetic field?Do magnetic fields have an effect on eremosphaera algae cells?What is the strength of a manmade magnetic field given off by a computer? overhead power lines? wall current? etc.Build a sensor to detect the presence of a magnetic field.Can you detect any effect from a prolonged magnetic field on an organism? Examples might include fruit flies, mice, plants, daphnia, etc.Can you demonstrate the steelhead trout can detect magnetic fields? How would you test other organisms for the ability to sense a magnetic field?Is the orientation of bird embryos (e.g., chicks in eggs) affected by the orientation of a magnetic field?If you change magnetic field orientation, does it produce an effect on an organism? Examples might include mealworms, fruit flies, planaria, etc. More Science Fair Project Ideas

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